INTRODUCTION TO MICRO AND MACRO ECONOMICS

This book discusses Introduction to Micro and Macroeconomics.  Itincludes the basic concepts of economics, demand, supply, and market equilibrium, price elasticity, income, and substitution, consumer behavior theory, production and cost theory in the  shortand long run, market structure: perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition, the role of government in microeconomics, introduction to macroeconomics and economic indicators, economic growth, inflation, and unemployment, fiscal policy: government spending and taxes, monetary policy and the role of central banks and economic growth, international trade, and globalization.

Economics, in scientific reasoning, refers to the values of human life activities (Basmar, Campbell III, et al., 2022). In principle, the interconnectedness of these relationships is determined by the dynamics of equilibrium within these activities. The principle of equilibrium is measured by the magnitude of demand and the available supply. Balanced financial activity is a crucial element in maintaining the ecosystem of human life (Agénor et al., 2000). Although various literature studies have shown a tendency toward maintaining financial balance, both macroeconomically and microeconomically, this concept continues to evolve, in line with the progress of modernization and economic growth.

The basic concepts of economics are the primary foundation for ensuring the sustainability of the financial system in human life. The primary goal of maintaining this financial system is to achieve welfare goals in terms of financial stability and overall economic growth (Goetz & Gozzi, 2020).