PLANT PEST CONTROL STRATEGIES IN THE MODERN AGRICULTURE ERA

This book discusses plant pest control strategies in the modern agricultural era. It covers the basic concepts and developments in plant pest control, the identification and characteristics of pests in various agricultural commodities, the impact of pest attacks on the productivity and quality of agricultural products, the application of integrated pest management (IPM) in modern agriculture, the use of biological agents and natural enemies for pest control, digital technology and IoT-based pest monitoring systems.,the role of artificial intelligence in pest attack detection and predictionas well as The book on the wise and sustainable use of pesticides has many shortcomings in its preparation. Therefore, we sincerely welcome criticism and suggestions for the improvement and refinement of this book in the future.

In agricultural systems, symptoms such as leaf holes, curled shoots, damaged fruit, or increased insect populations can be early indicators of biotic disturbances. The presence of these organisms does not always require immediate control measures, as pest status is determined by population density, extent of damage, plant growth stage, environmental conditions, and the economic value of the commodity. Modern pest control is therefore oriented toward population management based on observation, risk assessment, and economic thresholds to maintain acceptable losses. The complexity of control increases with the demands of agriculture to maintain productivity while minimizing ecological impacts. Intensive pesticide use can trigger resistance, resurgence, an increase in secondary pests, disruption of non-target organisms, and risks to human health and the environment.